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Domain Examples/Mobile Money (M-Pesa Style)

Mobile Money (M-Pesa Style)

End-to-end flow for activating a mobile money wallet in the M-Pesa model, from agent-assisted KYC registration through wallet provisioning, CFS/RFS decomposition, USSD gateway integration, Mobile Money Platform activation, SLM update, revenue/fee/settlement configuration, CMDB compliance linkage, first cash-in transaction, and ongoing transaction monitoring with regulatory reporting.

Architecture Overview

Mobile money creates a financial services layer on top of telco infrastructure. The operator runs a Mobile Money Platform (MMP) — effectively a core banking system — that uses USSD and STK (SIM Toolkit) as the primary customer interface on feature phones. An agent network provides the physical cash-in/cash-out distribution layer, replacing bank branches. The architecture spans both traditional telco domains (USSD gateway, SMSC, HLR/HSS) and fintech domains (wallet ledger, fraud engine, settlement, AML).

MOBILE MONEY SERVICEENABLERSCustomer & AgentField / RetailUSSD / OTA GatewayOperator-managedMobile CoreOperator-ownedMobile Money PlatformOperator fintechBSS/OSS EnablersOperator-ownedRegulatory & PartnersExternalUSSD Interface — customer interacts via *334# short code. STK menus on feature phones; app API on smartphones.Air Interface — USSD sessions traverse the mobile core signalling path (MSC/HLR). OTA updates push STK menus via SMS bearer.Platform API — MMP exposes REST/SOAP APIs for BSS/OSS integration: wallet lifecycle, transaction queries, and settlement reconciliation.Regulatory Interface — central bank reporting, AML/KYC compliance feeds, and settlement bank trust account reconciliation.Feature Phone / AppSTK menu / USSD *334#Agent Kiosk / ShopCash-in / cash-out / KYCKYC DocumentsNational ID / biometricsUSSD Gateway*334# short codeSession managementOTA PlatformSTK menu push to SIMHLR / HSSSubscriber profilesUSSD service classesSMSCTransaction SMS alertsMSC / SGSNUSSD session routingWallet Ledger (MMP)Fraud EngineVelocity / geo-anomalyAgent ManagementE-float / commissionsSettlement EngineDaily trust reconciliationAML / KYC EngineSanctions screeningSOMService InventoryCFS/RFS instancesROMUSSD / HLR / MMP activationSLM / Product Inv.Wallet lifecycleITSM / CMDBCIs & complianceBilling / RevenueTransaction feesROM activates wallet on MMP via API: wallet provisioning, USSD short code binding, fraud engine enrolment, agent commission linkage, and partner payment channel activation.Central BankKYC tiers / txn limitsSettlement BankTrust account / floatPartner APIsBill pay / merchants

Customer & Agent

Customer with feature phone or smartphone accesses mobile money via USSD (*334#) or STK menu. Agents operate from retail shops, kiosks, or field positions with agent float management.

USSD Gateway & STK

USSD gateway handles session-based interactions for P2P transfers, bill payments, and balance checks. OTA platform pushes STK menus to SIM cards. Session latency directly impacts transaction completion rates.

Mobile Money Platform

Core MMP manages wallet ledger, transaction processing, and e-float. Fraud engine provides real-time screening. Settlement engine reconciles agent float and trust account balances daily.

BSS/OSS Enablers

SOM orchestrates activation across USSD, MMP, and network elements. Service inventory tracks wallet instances. CMDB links wallets to KYC records and regulatory compliance CIs.

Regulatory & Partners

Central bank oversight (KYC/AML/transaction limits). Settlement bank holds trust accounts. Partner APIs for utility payments, merchant payments, and salary disbursements.

Provisioning Workflow

Step-by-step orchestration flow — click any step to view systems, inputs/outputs, and eTOM mapping.

Interactive Flow Steps

BSSOSSPartnerBSS+OSS

Tap any step to view details, systems, and eTOM mapping.

Step-to-eTOM Mapping

eTOM L2 CapabilitySteps
CRM & Retention Management
Order Handling
Service Configuration & Activation
Billing & Revenue Management
Service Quality Management